Constitutional limits

The Supreme Court of the United States has held that constitutional requirements of due process limit the exercise of personal jurisdiction over nonresidents. The same outer constitutional boundaries for personal jurisdiction apply in both state courts and federal courts. Moreover, because of Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP 4), a federal court ordinarily applies the personal jurisdiction statutes (e.g., long-arm statutes) of the state in which it sits, even when the state has not extended personal jurisdiction to its constitutional limits. (Some states, such as California, have long-arm statutes that give their courts personal jurisdiction to the extent constitutionally permitted.) In some exceptional circumstances, FRCP 4 grants a federal court personal jurisdiction when the law of the state in which it sits would not.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_jurisdiction_%28United_States%29

Legal issues

Various legal remedies may be available for personal injury (eg. under the law negligence) or some other type of injury (eg. see damages and restitution).

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injury

Complications

Sometimes, health complications occur in the period immediately following a TBI. These complications are not types of TBI, but are distinct medical problems that arise as a result of the injury. Although complications are rare, the risk increases with the severity of the trauma.[1] Complications of TBI include immediate seizures, hydrocephalus or post-traumatic ventricular enlargement, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, infections, vascular injuries, cranial nerve injuries, pain, bed sores, multiple organ system failure in unconscious patients, and polytrauma (trauma to other parts of the body in addition to the brain).[1]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury

Cytoskeleton disruption

Axons are normally elastic, but when rapidly stretched they become brittle, and the axonal cytoskeleton can be broken. It is thought that integrins connected to the extracellular matrix outside the cell and to the cytoskeleton within it can transmit forces from the matrix to the cytoskeleton and cause the latter to tear when the axon is stretched (Ochs et al., 1996).

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_axonal_injury

Other definitions

Strictly speaking, self-harm is a general term for self-damaging activities (which could include such activities as alcohol abuse or bulimia). Self-injury refers more specifically to the practice of cutting, bruising, poisoning, over-dosing (without suicidal intent), burning, or otherwise directly injuring the body.[10] Many people, including health-care workers, define self-harm based around the act of damaging one's own body. It may be more accurate to define self-harm based around the intent, and the emotional distress that the person wishes to deal with. An example of this form of definition is provided by the self-injury awareness charity, LifeSIGNS.[11]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-injury

Epidural hematoma

Epidural hematoma (EDH) is a rapidly accumulating hematoma between the dura mater and the cranium. These patients have a history of head trauma with loss of consciousness, then a lucid period, followed by loss of consciousness. Clinical onset occurs over minutes to hours. Many of these injuries are associated with lacerations of the middle meningeal artery. A "lenticular", or convex, lens-shaped extracerebral hemorrhage will likely be visible on a CT scan of the head. Although death is a potential complication, the prognosis is good when this injury is recognized and treated.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_injury

Japan

In Japan, public prosecutors (検察官, kensatsu-kan?) are professional officials who have considerable powers of investigation, prosecution, superintendence of criminal execution and so on. Prosecutors can direct police for investigation purposes and sometimes investigate directly. Only prosecutors can prosecute criminals in principle and prosecutors can decide to prosecute or not. High-ranking officials of the Ministry of Justice are largely prosecutors.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutor

India

In India a Public Prosecutor is the equivalent of the US District Attorney. The Public Prosecutor represents the state in court.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutor

Legal aid in Ontario, Canada

Legal aid in Ontario is administered by Legal Aid Ontario (LAO). The LAO provides funding to more than one million Ontario residents who need help with their legal problems. Legal Aid is available to low income individuals and disadvantaged communities for a variety of legal problems, including criminal matters, family disputes, immigration and refugee hearings and poverty law issues such as basic employment rights, worker's compensation, landlord/tenant disputes, disability support and family benefits payments.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_Aid

Controversy over individual proposals

A number of proposals have been made by advocates of tort reform. These proposals are not agreed on by all 'tort reformers' and are considered by many opponents a roll-back of the reforms of the twentieth century. The collateral source rule, for example, dates back to 1854.[9]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tort_reform